(*) Sources:
[1] www.icispricing.com and www.platts.com as of June 4th, 2008, resulting price of bioethanol exclusive of any tax relief cheaper than gasoline.
[2] www.cmegroup.com as of December 12, 2009, resulting price of bioethanol exclusive of any tax relief cheaper than gasoline.
(**) Sources:
[1] Edwards, R., J.-C. Griesemann, J.-F. Larivé and V. Mahieu. “Well-to-Wheels analysis of future automotive fuels and powertrains in the European context”, EUCAR, CONCAWE, JRC. 2006.
[2] Lechón, Y., et al.: Análisis del ciclo de vida de combustibles alternativos para el transporte. Fase I. Análisis de Ciclo de Vida comparativo del etanol de cereales y de la gasolina. Energía y cambio climático”. Ciemat. 2003.
[3] Wang, Michael Fuel-Cycle Assessment of Selected Bioethanol Production Pathways in the United States (November 2006) argonne National Laboratory. (The document can be found at the following link: http://www.transportation.anl.gov)
[4] Lista et al. “Improvements in life Cycle Energy Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Corn Ethanol”, journal of industrial Ecology, January, 2009